As an overview of the techniques I have learned thus far, I can only touch on the vast amount of information emptied into my mind these last few weeks here in Italy. The teachers have been absolutely fantastic, and very encouraging. This part I am purposefully making technical, so that the artists that follow this blog can be helped in their painting methods, as I surely was.
This structured method of painting has order to it, so that instead of randomly applying brown and tan to make the skin appear luminous in a portrait, we were able to discover the rich pigments that make a portrait look like real skintone. These basic colors are black (yes, black!) raw umber (for the background at first) vermillion, yellow ochre, cobalt, and white. From mixing these pigments with each other (black and vermillion: dark red; black and yellow ochre: olive green; vermillion and yellow ochre for peach, vermillion and cobalt for violet –used around the eyes, in shadows, etc.)
And the white to lighten the tones. Naples Yellow, a very light yellow, for some highlights.
As for the painting method itself…it is the same essentially as was taught by Carolus-Duran, who was John Singer Sargent’s teacher.

Carolus Duran, painted by John Singer Sargeant
A firsthand account of the method taught at his atelier:
“We were supposed to mix to or three gradations of yellow ochre with white, two of light red with white, two of cobalt with white, and also of black and raw umber to facilitate the choice of tones.
We were not allowed any small brushes, at any rate not for a long time—many months or years.
On Tuesday Duran came to criticize and correct the drawing, or the laying in of painting if it was sufficiently advanced. We blocked in the curtain first, and then put in the figure or face in big touches like a coarse wooden head hewn with a hatchet; in fact, in a big mosaic, not bothering to soften things down, but to get the right amount of light and the proper colour, attending first to the highest light. The hair was not smoothed into the flesh at first, but just pasted on in the right tone like a coarse wig; then other touches were placed on the junctions of the big mosaic touches, to model them and make the flesh more supple.

"Lilia" by Carolus Durand, John Singer-Sargeant's teacher
Of course these touches were a gradation between the touches they modelled. All was solid, and there were no gradations by brushing the stuff off the lights gently into the darks or vice versa, because Duran wished us to actually make and match each bit of the tone of the surface. He came again on Friday to criticise and on that day we finished off.”
A basic method of painting a portrait, step by step:
1. Look for the big shapes, big proportions, major references, and inclinations.
2. Look for the shadow lines, the basic shadow shapes, and introduce light value inside shadow shapes.
3. Introduce background value to isolate the light shapes. Take a good look at your proportions at this point.
4. Refine your outline contour and shadow line
Up until this point, you should just be painting lightly over your canvas with a sturdy sable brush, using a midtone value to do a drawing in paint on your canvas. Now, comes the time to start using your palette and your paints in earnest…
- Paint in your darkest darks as you see them, but don’t exaggerate.
- Visualize and indicate the darkest halftones throughout the cast.
- Map the drawing with simplified half tones—dark, middle, and light half tones.
- Put in your lightest lights.
Lastly, comes the study of the forms, the final stages. A knowledge of basic anatomy and proportions of the head is useful here, even if the model is sitting in front of you.
- Key the edges—sharp and soft. Focus sharp on your focal point.
- Make transitions in value smooth.
- Make sure your light is unified.
- Sign your painting!!
These are just the basics. I jotted down much more, which I will share with you another time—tips and tricks of the trade useful for each step.
One artist whose work was introduced to me through a slide show yesterday was Sir Henry Raeburn (1756-1823), a Scottish painter and knight. He painted many important people of his native country Scotland, and his portraits number over 700! His work is distinguished by forcefulness, technical finesse, and a very direct approach without preliminary drawings (as I tend towards the direct approach myself, I like that about him!) But his portraits are gorgeous, as you can see. Having been to the National Gallery of Scotland last summer, I probably saw some of his work without knowing it.

by Sir Henry Raeburn

by Raeburn
A friend and I also visited the Leonardo Da Vinci exhibition in town—not of his paintings, but of his machines, 40 of them built just as he said to in his many notebooks. It was an interactive exhibit, and we could see how each machine worked. They all seemed so simple once you realized what was going on, but something I would have never thought of. We both left feeling relatively unintelligent but enlightened by such a mind ahead of his time. One machine was particularly fascinating—it had all the appearances of a near-perpetual motion machine, simply needing a tiny push at the start.
There is so much I am learning and seeing every day here that I could go on trying to share it all! Suffice to say that every single day I walk down the street in amazement, each street a museum.
One word I wanted to say—this is an art blog; simply about my artistic experiences and updates about happenings involving my or my friend’s work. This is not an all-encompassing journal of everything in my life—for art is not my life, it is but a part of the whole picture. Life for me is for the glory of God by enjoying His presence, the helping of others, and hopefully the revealing of God’s beauty through the medium of art. I have found friends here and an amazing church, and had many experiences unrelated to my career. However, as this is simply an artist blog, I just share the artistic things I have learned. If I didn’t limit myself, I would love to tell you about the friends I have made, the shops, my church, the people, the coffee (amazing!! It’s cured me of Starbucks forever) the music along the Ponte Vecchio each night…
But, alas, being professional is so limiting. So most of the content in this artist blog will be about…art.
Speaking of which…I’ve had a few ideas for paintings to try when I return home, which I sketched today in the studio. Looking forward to turning an idea into reality. That’s the magic in it, isn’t it? As my teacher here, Maureen Hyde, said today, “Painting is the balance of revelation and mystery.” I like that.

Scotland Sketch, Copyright Jessica Libor 2009

Young Girl in Thicket Sketch, copyright Jessica Libor 2009

Equestrian Sketch, copyright Jessica Libor 2009